Wednesday, Apr 27, 2005 at 19:49
Well Ross, I'm not know for being brief but I'll try:
Water boils at 100 degC so in an open saucepan when you have the liquid boiling, you are cooking at 100 deg C. It can't get any hotter because the water transforms into steam. However in the pressure cooker, as the pressure rises so does the boiling point of water (or any other liquids for that matter). Therefore when a pressure cooker reaches 15 psi (pounds per square inch) pressure the boiling point of water is 121 deg C. Therefore the liquid and the steam are at that temperature which is the temperature you are now cooking at. Not only will you
cook faster because of the higher temperature but steam is an excellent conductor of heat and transfers the heat to the food much faster. (To see the difference: you can put your hand in an oven at 121 deg C for a while without any effect but try putting your hand in steam at 121 deg C and see how quickly you get scolded).
Jiggle top pressure cookers work at a preset pressure determined by the weight of the jiggler, usually about 10 or 12 psi. Most of todays pressure cookers have 2 or 3 pressure settings to enable selection of the temperature required. The higher the pressure, the faster the cooking.
Most
recipes in specialised cookbooks and on the websites give cooking times for 15 psi pressure (the standard), yet very few pressure cookers in Australia can reach that pressure. Different models = different pressures and they vary between say 10 psi for most "jiggle tops" to say 13 psi for some of the more modern cookers. Only a few reach 15psi, for example Evinox Rapid & Europe models (15.4 psi and best value for money), Silampos Superquick (16.8 psi), Fagor Duo (15 psi) and ye old Hawkins pressure cookers (15 psi).
Just a little note: 15 psi (ie. 121 deg C) is the pressure required for full sterilisation, so you not only
cook faster but you also kill any harmful bacteria. (another advantage I forgot to meantion earlier).
Also when you
cook quickly in steam, the food retains all the otherwise water soluable vitamins and minerals so the foods tastes better and it is healthier.
How's that ??
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