Friday, Nov 02, 2018 at 10:51
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Ron,
The phenomenon of a "shorted cell" in a flooded lead-acid battery is rarely a bridging of a cell with a low resistance. It mostly occurs due to the shedding of plate material which progressively builds up and bridges the bottom of the plates. This forms a current path which discharges the cell but is not a high-current path. This degradation of the battery is usually accompanied by plate sulphation which causes increased resistance of all cells thus limiting high-current delivery.
In rare cases of separator failure, opposing plates may come into contact which will create a shorting current path of lower resistance. This usually occurs due to excessive heat or very high current flow. It is rare in modern batteries with improved plate separator material.
I won't attempt the mathematics of it but take my word for it..... paralleling a "flat battery" with
well charged donor will not 'suck-the-guts' out of the donor. Little current will be absorbed by the flat battery compared to the demand of the starter motor. Inadequacies are more likely the condition of the donor battery and the jumper leads. The "fatness" of spark at the moment of jumper connection is an indication of current flow to the flat battery. I would assess it as being no more than 20A in most cases and usually less.
Disconnection of the flat battery during jump-starting can be achieved if done carefully but is rarely necessary and may be hazardous to the vehicle's electrical system especially in vehicles with electronic management. I have never found a need for it.
I have witnessed a lot of poor performances and failures of batteries but never the one you described of a "cell spouting acid like a geyser". Interesting!
Perhaps the most bizarre of my experiences was a 6V battery which incurred a totally open-circuit cell. I bridged the cell out with wire to produce a 4V battery and left it connected to the vehicle system while driving for several hours before replacement. It worked!
RMD,
Certainly, starter cables have become thinner, notably with the move from 6V to 12v systems. Improved starter motor design probably plays a part. But competitive economics has also reduced the copper in jumper cables which impedes the process.
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