Monday, Aug 29, 2005 at 17:24
Nudenut.
A transmitter outputting 5 watts into an antenna will put out 3 times less power than a transmitter outputting 15 watts into exactly the same type of antenna.
The difference in output power is about 4.5dB
Antenna gain is a different thing as it works on both transmit & receive & is a passive thing (doesn't require any power).
Antenna gain is also measured in dB (decibels) and is either refered to as dBi (referenced against an Isotrophic antenna which is an ideal antenna in free space that is impossible to achieve) or dBd (referenced against a 1/2 wave dipole)
OEM Hand held antennas are usually
well short of a 1/4 wave so should not be credited with any gain at all. Some are actually better attenuators than radiators!
For our practical mobile installations, a better reference antenna is the 1/4 wave ground plane. According to the Radio Theory hand book page 244, a 1/4 wave ground plane antenna has about 1/2 a dB of gain over the isotrophic antenna 1/2 dBi. A dipole antenna has about 2.7 dBi gain over an isotrophic antenna. Common UHF antennas are the 1/4 wave, the 5/8 wave and collinear antennas which are generally multiple 5/8 waves joined end to end.
A 5/8 wave antenna will effectively have around 2.7 dB gain more than a 1/4 wave which will nearly double the Effecive Radiated Power (ERP) - the equivelant of having 10 watts out put instead of 5 watts. Two 5/8 waves will add about another 3dB of gain and give an ERP of 20 watts. Four 5/8 waves will give about 9dB of gain for around 40 watts ERP
So 5 watts into a 1/4 wave will give 5 watts ERP.
5 watts into 2 x 5/8 waves will give 10 watts ERP
15 watts into 2 x 5/8 waves will give 30 watts ERP
Antenna gain is not magic. It is achieved by concentrating the Radio waves into a narrower stream (by lowering the radiation pattern). This is simmilar to adjusting the nozzle on a garden hose from a spray (1/4 wave) to a jet (2 x 5/8 waves)
Hope that this was not too technical for you & has explained things somewhat. When purchasing and comparing antennas, always check the gain reference of dbi or dBd.
Cheers, Tony
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