So how much usable power do I have left?

I'm still having trouble in understanding 12v power as it related to batteries. I have 2 x 70 AH batteries in series. I did a 24 hour test running a 35 L Waeco as a freezer as -15C and ran 3 fluoro lights for 4 hours to simulate a normal 24 hour period on an unpowered camp site. Before and after the test run I allowed the batteries to settle with the charger turned off and no consumption from the battery for periods exceeding 5 hours.

At the start of the test the reading was 12.94V and at the end 12.50V so I have used .44V in 24 hours. I would like to know how many amp hours I have used and how much usable power is left in the battery before I reach the safe discharge limit.

I realise that this is a 5 second calculation for some of you smart people but it has defeated and old dumbo like me.

Thanks.

Kevin
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Reply By: ctaplin - Tuesday, Apr 05, 2011 at 09:25

Tuesday, Apr 05, 2011 at 09:25
Hi Kevin, according to a 12 volt state of charge chart, your batteries still were at 80% SOC. Hope this helps, Chris

AnswerID: 450392

Follow Up By: Mike DiD - Tuesday, Apr 05, 2011 at 21:50

Tuesday, Apr 05, 2011 at 21:50
This chart is useless without reading the fine print.

- The battery must not have been discharged or charged in the last few hours
- This only applies if the temperature is around 20 degrees.
- This only applies to conventional Lead- Antimony plates - other alloys esp calcium will give different voltages.
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Reply By: Gronk - Tuesday, Apr 05, 2011 at 09:37

Tuesday, Apr 05, 2011 at 09:37
You still have a fair bit of power left.....just go camping and try it out.....let the batt get as low as 12V ( after the fridge has been off for approx 10mins before testing ) then recharge it...its the only way you'll know how it suits your way of camping....some times of year the fridge will use heaps of power and cooler times of year it will use heaps less, so real world testing is the way to go..


By the way I think you have the batts in parallel , not series !!
AnswerID: 450394

Reply By: Robin Miller - Tuesday, Apr 05, 2011 at 09:44

Tuesday, Apr 05, 2011 at 09:44
I know what your getting at Kevin but unfortunately it isn't a 5 second calculation and it isn't easy to come up with a reliable figure.

There is actually a better way , but it is much more complex and requires measuring the current flow, and rate of current flow out of the battery (there are instruments that do this).

Back to your simpler approach

Issues are - what was the real battery voltage ?

You can't just measure a batteries voltage in isolation - if you read it after
charging or just after (or when) it is discharging more than an amp or so you
get a false result.
(AS per Ctaplin's chart above)

Fridge use is also a real wildcard - its duty cycle changes a lot with temperature etc.


So what can you do in the context of a simple approach out bush.

My suggestion is that you have a voltmeter permanently connected that rings an alarm when battery gets to below 12v.

(In our case our Garmin 276c GPS has all these functions inbuilt).


This will work well enough for small current loads.
You can go below 12v , indeed some batteries are still 1/2 full then - and my car will start with 11v but this is an approach that won't leave you stuck in the bush.
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AnswerID: 450395

Reply By: Lex M (Brisbane) - Tuesday, Apr 05, 2011 at 11:08

Tuesday, Apr 05, 2011 at 11:08
There are too many variables to get an accurate answer.

Battery voltage is not a reliably accurate indication of battery charge.

I would estimate your power usage as:-

3 flouros for 4 hours, assuming 15 watt flouros, - 15 Amphours
35L fridge as freezer for 24 hours, 30 Amphours. This is very variable, depends on outside temperature, how often the fridge is opened, contents, ventilation etc.

Total 45 Amphours.

Assuming your batteries are FULLY charged then 140Amphours gives about 70 Amphour usable capacity depending how hard you want to work the batteries.

So my GUESS is you have about 25 Amphours usable capacity left.

Without monitoring equipment, it is a guess.





AnswerID: 450403

Follow Up By: Member - DAZA (QLD) - Tuesday, Apr 05, 2011 at 14:35

Tuesday, Apr 05, 2011 at 14:35
I agree, work out the number of amps each appliance or light uses per hour, and subtract from the total amps the batteries hold when charged, it won't be exact but close to the mark.
PS. A auto electrician will probably shoot me down in flames lol lol.

Cheers
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Reply By: Member - Kevin S (QLD) - Tuesday, Apr 05, 2011 at 14:32

Tuesday, Apr 05, 2011 at 14:32
Thanks for that. I think I have the information that I was looking for although not in the precise form that I was looking for. But I spent most of my life as an accountant so I like precise numbers.

I have a multi-stage battery charger that checks the battery out in stage 1, does 80% of the charging in stage 2, finishes it off in stage 3 and goes on to maintenance in stage 4. When I turned the charger back on it flicked through 1 & 2 in about 5 seconds and settled in stage 3. That suggested to me that the charger (Ctek M200) thought the battery was at least 80% charged.

I am now fairly confident that I can stop roadside for 2 nights and if I want to stay somewhere a bit longer that a 120W solar panel will probably do the job.

I am also fairly confident that battery storage technology is not about to make coal fired redundant.

Kevin
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Follow Up By: Battery Value Pty Ltd - Tuesday, Apr 05, 2011 at 16:38

Tuesday, Apr 05, 2011 at 16:38
Hello Kevin,

12.5V open terminal voltage corresponds to about 60% state of charge, as measured after your 24 hour test.
So 48hrs means you're pushing it.
So I'd be budgeting for that additional solar panel rather sooner than later.

The reason why your charger went straight to the third/forth stages (absorption/float) is because it most likely was influenced by some sulphation in your batteries.

Sulphation acts like an obstacle to charging current.
When the charger applied 14.4V in the second stage (bulk) the charging current didn't rise to the max of 15A for the charger to remain there for a while.
You could say your batteries have a reduced charge acceptance.

FYI, lead sulphate is always present after discharging a battery, but mostly in amorphous form which quickly decomposes upon application of a charging current. Only if at some stage crystals were able to form, then the charge acceptance is lowered and charging should only take place at float level first, until enough sulphuric acid has formed again.

Batteries are analog beasts...

cheers, Peter

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Follow Up By: Member - Kevin S (QLD) - Tuesday, Apr 05, 2011 at 21:37

Tuesday, Apr 05, 2011 at 21:37
Thanks Peter. The solar panel is in the budget. Looks like I need to push it further towards the top.
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Follow Up By: Mike DiD - Tuesday, Apr 05, 2011 at 21:57

Tuesday, Apr 05, 2011 at 21:57
" checks the battery out in stage 1, does 80% of the charging in stage 2, finishes it off in stage 3 "

No.

Stage 1 goes up to at least 50%, Stage 2 up to 80%.
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Follow Up By: Member - Kevin S (QLD) - Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 07:28

Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 07:28
Mike,

My source of information is the user manual that clearly states that 80% of the charging occurred at that level. The comment above is realy an aside and not central to the issue I was seeking to clarify.

Thanks for your interest.

Kevin
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Follow Up By: Mike DiD - Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 08:26

Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 08:26
Marketing people are prone to write all sorts of weird things to make their device sound special.

The industry-standard Stages for Lead Acid battery charging are -

- One - Constant current charging terminated by reaching the Cyclic voltage - usually between 50 and 70% full.

- Two - Constant Voltage Charging terminated by current dropping to 10% - usually between 70 to 90% full.

- Three - Constant Voltage at the Float Voltage.
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Reply By: Member - Jayco_Mauler (Vic) - Tuesday, Apr 05, 2011 at 20:53

Tuesday, Apr 05, 2011 at 20:53
Trying to follow all this has given me a headache

Cheers

Brendon
AnswerID: 450449

Follow Up By: Member - Kevin S (QLD) - Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 07:24

Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 07:24
Brendon,

Sorry about your headache. I find Panadol works quite well.

Kevin
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Follow Up By: Member - Jayco_Mauler (Vic) - Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 20:08

Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 20:08
Hi Kevin,

Thanks for that, i think just me sticking to 240 volts will help me out. While i like to try and learn as much as i can, there are clearly some pockets of knowledge that are destined to elude me. The accurate measurement of the retained power still to be utilized within a 12 volt battery system is definately one of them at this stage.
It would be nice if they had a little scale on the side like the bbq gas bottle gadgets to take away the guess work!

Cheers

Brendon
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Follow Up By: Member - Kevin S (QLD) - Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 21:20

Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 21:20
I agree Brendon. I prefer to stay in a caravan park but also like to spend time in national parks. And I don't like my food to go bad. I'm quite happy with the information and the bit of fun I have from this thread.

But I wonder why battery technology seems to lag in some areas. I also wonder why, as there seems to be devices that can read the state of a battery well enough to automatically shut off load or stop charging when the battery is fully charged why that can't be translated into a simple measuring device to tell the status of a battery.

All the best,

Kevin
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Reply By: Gronk - Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 10:30

Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 10:30
Battery voltage is not a reliably accurate indication of battery charge.



In a science lab, yes I would agree, but out in the scrub camping, with only a multimeter at hand....it sure beats anything else !!

If you know roughly how much voltage drop your fridge creates when running, you can test for voltage anytime you like and get a pretty reliable figure as to state of charge of your batt(s)..

You don't need to know if its got 50, 40 or 30% charge left......if the voltage reading is approx 12V, you know you need to start thinking about getting some charge into them..

If the reading is somewhere between 12 and 12.5V ( and you have been camping enough times to roughly know your power drain ), then you will have a fair idea whether you have 1, 2 or 3 days left before charging..

I use a small digital lcd volt meter connected to my batts, and usually check it a couple of times a day...not hard....
AnswerID: 450473

Reply By: vk1dx - Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 11:06

Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 11:06
A practical solution. You shouldn't get a "headache" with this one.

When we got the Toyota it had a couple of 100 amp hour batteries in parallel under the bonnet.

Wondering about camping and how long would the meat be frozen I need to test the system. You can have yout theory. Maths do not apologise when the bridge collapses because the figures were wrong.

So, one Friday after a reasonably long drive assuming (!!!) that the batteries would have been fairly well charged, I turned the fridge (40L Engel), a couple of incandescent work lights, the cabin lights and the FM radio (quietly) on as well as the UHF being left on. Just as if we were camped.Well that's not quite true because we generally hit the sack early when camped and "up with the sun". However more importantly they were all still running quite happily on Sunday evening and the car (diesel) started perfectly.

Recently we added a second fridge and since one battery had failed a pair of identical 107AH (Allrounder) batteries. I left the same kit plus the small 21L fridge as a freezer running from Monday morning to Wednesday evening. All fine again.

That will do me. The beer will still be cold and the meat still frozen and the car will still start easily.

Phil
AnswerID: 450475

Follow Up By: Member - Kevin S (QLD) - Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 11:43

Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 11:43
Hi Phil, it wasn't me with the headache. That was some other bloke. If he has taken my advice he will be fine.

This thread was started after I did such a test. Previously I ran the 35L Waeco at -15C with a bag of ice in it for 72 consecutive hours and the batteries tested at over 12V with a voltmeter at the end. The most recent test was with real food.

So I think I have it worked out. I think I can safely do 2 nights roadside as that is about a 36 hour period and there will be some charge from the alternator during the intervening day if we are travelling. Longer than that we need to be back on 240V or get a solar panel.

Our van has a 240V freezer in addition to the 3 way fridge so we travel with a fair bit of frozen food. If we camp roadside the frozen goddies need to be transferred to the Waeco so if I make a miscalculation we could lose the lot.

Cheers,

Kevin
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Follow Up By: vk1dx - Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 12:42

Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 12:42
I thought it wasn't you with the headache.

We also have 12V monitors on the two fridges so that if the battery get below 11.5 they turn off. The aim is to make sure that the car will start. I wouldn't want to flatten the batrtery half way along the Canning Stock Route. We don't tow a van or anything. Been there done that and found it too restrictive for us.

Enjoy.

Phil
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Follow Up By: Member - Kevin S (QLD) - Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 12:59

Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 12:59
Can't get wife away from an inner spring mattress. I'm a bit old for the Canning and so is my 4wd but I'd love to give the Simpson a go.

Kevin
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Follow Up By: vk1dx - Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 14:45

Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 14:45
Oh dear!!! Says Phil smiling!

Never too old. The Simpson is next on my bucket list, when it dries out and then the CSR.

And I want to do them solo with just my wife and I. The only thing we need is a long range tank so that we have options.

Cheers

Phil
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Follow Up By: Member - Kevin S (QLD) - Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 17:51

Wednesday, Apr 06, 2011 at 17:51
So I've made someone smile today. That's good.

Since I bought my 4x4 in my 70th year I am not sufficiently experienced to head into the Simpson Desert on my own. But I would like to do it and will go solo in my vehicle if I have to but as part of a tag along tour. I like solitude but not so much that I would cross the Simpson in my own.

Kevin
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